fix(m0): 迁移可执行 + 测试全绿（33 条）

跑通迁移与测试后修掉的真问题：

- alembic 0001：asyncpg 走预备语句，一次 execute 只能一条 SQL。
  CREATE FUNCTION / CREATE POLICY / GRANT 全部拆成单语句逐条执行，
  否则报 "cannot insert multiple commands into a prepared statement"。
- 创建工作区：ORM flush 只按 relationship 排序，裸外键不算数，
  member 可能先于 workspace 落地撞 FK。改为先 flush workspace 再插 member。
- datetime.UTC 是 3.11+ 才有的，本机 3.10 直接 ImportError。改用 timezone.utc。
- 幂等中间件：原来会缓存 4xx。校验失败被缓存后，用户改对参数仍拿到同一个 422。
  改为只缓存 <400。
- 发码节流窗口改为可配置 SMS_THROTTLE_SECONDS（测试置 0），
  节流用例自己显式打开，避免"整库关掉节流"导致节流从未被验证。
- 租户隔离用例：pytest.raises(Exception) 改为精确的 ProgrammingError，
  否则任何异常都会让"应用角色不能建表"这条断言假通过。

验收：pytest 33 passed；ruff check / format 通过；真机跑 uvicorn，
/health、/version、登录、建工作区、列表、/auth/me 全通。

backend/tests/conftest.py

@@ -11,19 +11,21 @@ import os
 
 os.environ["ENV"] = "test"
 os.environ.setdefault("SMS_DEV_CODE", "123456")
+# 测试里关掉发码节流，否则"同一手机号再登录一次"要等 60 秒
+os.environ.setdefault("SMS_THROTTLE_SECONDS", "0")
 
 import uuid
 from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
 from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
-from alembic import command
-from alembic.config import Config
 from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 from sqlalchemy import text
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine
 from sqlalchemy.pool import NullPool
 
+from alembic import command
+from alembic.config import Config
 from app.config import get_settings
 from app.db import engine
 from app.main import app
@@ -82,9 +84,7 @@ async def login(client: AsyncClient, phone: str | None = None) -> dict[str, Any]
     """发码 + 登录，返回 {token, refresh_token, user_id, phone}。"""
     phone = phone or f"138{uuid.uuid4().int % 100_000_000:08d}"
     await client.post("/api/v1/auth/sms/send", json={"phone": phone})
-    data = unwrap(
-        await client.post("/api/v1/auth/login", json={"phone": phone, "code": DEV_CODE})
-    )
+    data = unwrap(await client.post("/api/v1/auth/login", json={"phone": phone, "code": DEV_CODE}))
     return {
         "token": data["tokens"]["access_token"],
         "refresh_token": data["tokens"]["refresh_token"],
@@ -95,4 +95,6 @@ async def login(client: AsyncClient, phone: str | None = None) -> dict[str, Any]
 
 
 async def create_workspace(client: AsyncClient, user: dict[str, Any], name: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    return unwrap(await client.post("/api/v1/workspaces", json={"name": name}, headers=user["headers"]))
+    return unwrap(
+        await client.post("/api/v1/workspaces", json={"name": name}, headers=user["headers"])
+    )

backend/tests/test_auth.py

@@ -22,26 +22,25 @@ async def test_login_is_idempotent_for_same_phone(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
 
 async def test_wrong_code_rejected(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
     await client.post("/api/v1/auth/sms/send", json={"phone": "13800000003"})
-    resp = await client.post(
-        "/api/v1/auth/login", json={"phone": "13800000003", "code": "000000"}
-    )
+    resp = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/login", json={"phone": "13800000003", "code": "000000"})
     assert resp.status_code == 400
     assert resp.json()["code"] == 2010
 
 
 async def test_code_can_only_be_used_once(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
     await client.post("/api/v1/auth/sms/send", json={"phone": "13800000004"})
-    ok = await client.post(
-        "/api/v1/auth/login", json={"phone": "13800000004", "code": DEV_CODE}
-    )
+    ok = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/login", json={"phone": "13800000004", "code": DEV_CODE})
     assert ok.status_code == 200
-    again = await client.post(
-        "/api/v1/auth/login", json={"phone": "13800000004", "code": DEV_CODE}
-    )
+    again = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/login", json={"phone": "13800000004", "code": DEV_CODE})
     assert again.json()["code"] == 2010
 
 
-async def test_sms_throttled(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
+async def test_sms_throttled(client: AsyncClient, monkeypatch) -> None:
+    # 全局测试默认关掉了节流（SMS_THROTTLE_SECONDS=0），这里显式打开
+    from app.config import get_settings
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(get_settings(), "sms_throttle_seconds", 60)
+
     payload = {"phone": "13800000005"}
     assert (await client.post("/api/v1/auth/sms/send", json=payload)).status_code == 200
     second = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/sms/send", json=payload)
@@ -57,9 +56,7 @@ async def test_refresh_token_cannot_be_used_as_access_token(client: AsyncClient)
 
 async def test_access_token_cannot_be_used_to_refresh(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
     user = await login(client)
-    resp = await client.post(
-        "/api/v1/auth/refresh", json={"refresh_token": user["token"]}
-    )
+    resp = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/refresh", json={"refresh_token": user["token"]})
     assert resp.status_code == 401
     assert resp.json()["code"] == 2003
 
@@ -67,9 +64,7 @@ async def test_access_token_cannot_be_used_to_refresh(client: AsyncClient) -> No
 async def test_refresh_returns_working_token_pair(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
     user = await login(client)
     data = unwrap(
-        await client.post(
-            "/api/v1/auth/refresh", json={"refresh_token": user["refresh_token"]}
-        )
+        await client.post("/api/v1/auth/refresh", json={"refresh_token": user["refresh_token"]})
     )
     me = await client.get("/api/v1/auth/me", headers=auth(data["access_token"]))
     assert me.status_code == 200

backend/tests/test_tenant_isolation.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import uuid
 import pytest
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlalchemy import text
+from sqlalchemy.exc import ProgrammingError
 
 from app.db import SessionFactory, bind_tenant, current_app_role
 from app.models import TENANT_TABLES
@@ -37,9 +38,7 @@ async def test_cannot_read_other_workspace(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
 
 async def test_cannot_list_other_workspace_members(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
     alice, _bob, _ws_a, ws_b = await _two_tenants(client)
-    resp = await client.get(
-        f"/api/v1/workspaces/{ws_b['id']}/members", headers=alice["headers"]
-    )
+    resp = await client.get(f"/api/v1/workspaces/{ws_b['id']}/members", headers=alice["headers"])
     assert resp.status_code == 403
 
 
@@ -66,15 +65,12 @@ async def test_rls_hides_rows_at_database_level(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
     ws_a_id = uuid.UUID(ws_a["id"])
     ws_b_id = uuid.UUID(ws_b["id"])
 
-    async with SessionFactory() as session:
-        async with session.begin():
-            await bind_tenant(session, ws_a_id, None)
-            visible = (
-                await session.execute(text("SELECT id FROM workspace"))
-            ).scalars().all()
-            member_ids = (
-                await session.execute(text("SELECT workspace_id FROM member"))
-            ).scalars().all()
+    async with SessionFactory() as session, session.begin():
+        await bind_tenant(session, ws_a_id, None)
+        visible = (await session.execute(text("SELECT id FROM workspace"))).scalars().all()
+        member_ids = (
+            (await session.execute(text("SELECT workspace_id FROM member"))).scalars().all()
+        )
 
     assert [str(v) for v in visible] == [ws_a["id"]]
     assert set(member_ids) == {ws_a_id}
@@ -83,9 +79,8 @@ async def test_rls_hides_rows_at_database_level(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
 
 async def test_rls_without_context_returns_nothing(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
     await _two_tenants(client)
-    async with SessionFactory() as session:
-        async with session.begin():
-            count = (await session.execute(text("SELECT count(*) FROM workspace"))).scalar_one()
+    async with SessionFactory() as session, session.begin():
+        count = (await session.execute(text("SELECT count(*) FROM workspace"))).scalar_one()
     assert count == 0, "未绑定租户上下文时不应看到任何行"
 
 
@@ -100,15 +95,14 @@ async def test_rls_enabled_on_every_tenant_table(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
                 {"names": list(TENANT_TABLES)},
             )
         ).all()
-    status = {name: enabled for name, enabled in rows}
+    status = dict(rows)
     assert set(status) == set(TENANT_TABLES), "有租户表没建出来"
     assert all(status.values()), f"未启用 RLS 的表：{[k for k, v in status.items() if not v]}"
 
 
 async def test_app_role_cannot_bypass_rls(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
-    async with SessionFactory() as session:
-        async with session.begin():
-            role = await current_app_role(session)
+    async with SessionFactory() as session, session.begin():
+        role = await current_app_role(session)
     assert role["is_super"] is False, "应用角色绝不能是 superuser，否则 RLS 被跳过"
     assert role["bypass_rls"] is False, "应用角色不能带 BYPASSRLS"
     assert role["read_all"] is False
@@ -116,7 +110,6 @@ async def test_app_role_cannot_bypass_rls(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
 
 async def test_app_role_has_no_ddl(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
     """应用角色不能建表——否则一次 SQL 注入就能改结构。"""
-    async with SessionFactory() as session:
-        async with session.begin():
-            with pytest.raises(Exception):
-                await session.execute(text("CREATE TABLE should_not_exist (id int)"))
+    async with SessionFactory() as session, session.begin():
+        with pytest.raises(ProgrammingError):  # 权限不足，DDL 必须失败
+            await session.execute(text("CREATE TABLE should_not_exist (id int)"))